The plant contains various toxic compounds, particularly in its berries and roots. Symptoms of poisoning can include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain if ingested.

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Phytolacca polyandra has been used in traditional medicine, particularly within Chinese herbal practices. While the berries are toxic if consumed in large quantities due to the presence of phytolaccatoxin, small amounts have been traditionally used to treat various ailments. Additionally, the young leaves can be cooked and consumed as a leafy vegetable, known as "polk salad." It is vital to note that proper preparation is essential, as raw parts of the plant are toxic.

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