In traditional medicine the bark is astringent, carminative, febrifuge, ophthalmic and styptic. A decoction is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, chronic dysentery, flatulence, bloody stools, seminal emissions, leucorrhoea,, metrorrhagia and gonorrhoea.

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Asia-Tropical, Indian Subcontinent, Assam

Asia-Tropical, Indian Subcontinent, East Himalaya

Asia-Tropical, Indian Subcontinent, Nepal

Asia-Tropical, Indian Subcontinent, Pakistan

Asia-Tropical, Indian Subcontinent, Sri Lanka

Asia-Tropical, Indian Subcontinent, West Himalaya

Asia-Tropical, Indo-China, Thailand

Asia-Tropical, Indo-China, Vietnam

Asia-Temperate, China, China North-Central

Asia-Temperate, China, China South-Central

Asia-Temperate, China, China Southeast

Asia-Temperate, China, Tibet

Asia-Tropical, Malesia, Borneo

Asia-Tropical, Malesia, Sumatera