Rounded, bushy, deciduous shrub with rigid green shoots armed with very sharp spines. Alternate, 3-palmate leaves, 2.5-6cm long, comprise of 3 obovate, dark green leaflets, to 5cm long, turning yellow in autumn. Solitary, cup-shaped then saucers-shaped, fragrant white flowers, 5cm across, are borne in late spring and early summer, often again in autumn, followed by orange-like, inedible, green then orange fruit, 4cm across. Grows to 5m high and wide.

Brickell, C. (2003). A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Dorling Kindersley. p.839

Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Shelter from cold, dry winds. Prune after flowering or fruiting if required. Sow seed in containers in a cold frame in autumn. Take semi-ripe cuttings with bottom heat in summer. Pest and disease trouble tree.

Brickell, C. (2003). A-Z Encyclopedia of Garden Plants. Dorling Kindersley. p.839

In Asia, the thorns are used in the treatment of toothache. The stem bark is used in the treatment of colds. The fruits contain a number of medically active constituents including flavonoids, coumarins, monoterpenes and alkaloids. The fruit, with the endocarp and seeds removed, is carminative, deobstruent and expectorant. It is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation and abdominal distension, stuffy sensation in the chest, prolapse of the uterus, rectum and stomach. It is milder in effect than the immature fruit and is better used for removing stagnancy of food and vital energy in the spleen and stomach. The unripe fruit is antiemetic, antispasmodic, deobstruent, digestive, diuretic, laxative, stimulant, stomachic and vasoconstrictor. It is used in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation and abdominal distension, stuffy sensation in the chest, prolapse of the uterus, rectum and stomach, shock.

http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Poncirus+trifoliata

Used as a rootstock for Citrus species (i.e. oranges and lemons). It confers an extra 3°c resistance to the cold. The plant is very thorny and makes an excellent impenetrable barrier or hedge, though this barrier is not very dense.

http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Poncirus+trifoliata

trifoliata- with three leaves

Stearn, W.T. (1996). Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners. Cassell. p.298

Poncirus trifoliata is a synonym.

The Royal Horticultural Society Gardening Advice available at www.rhs.org.uk www.rhs.org.uk

The Genus name Poncirus comes from the French word poncire meaning "a kind of citron".

www.jurassicplants.co.uk Information sheet

Asia-Temperate, China

Asia-Temperate, Eastern Asia, Korea