"Columbines ; help sore throats.’

Culpeper, Nicholas. (1650). A Physical Directory . London, Peter Cole.

Traditional Herbal Medicine Registration (THMR).

Columbine, Granny's bonnets

Cyanogenic glucosides.

Wink, M. (2009). Mode of Action and toxicology of plant toxins and poisonous plants. Mitt. Julius Kuhn-Inst. 421:93-111. p.104

Class II poison (moderately hazardous) All parts including seeds, contain cyanogenic glycosides - higher doses can induce dizziness, mydriasis, unconsciousness, respiratory problems, ingestion of seeds has been fatal to children.

Wink, M. (2009). Mode of Action and toxicology of plant toxins and poisonous plants. Mitt. Julius Kuhn-Inst. 421:93-111. p.104

Toxic due to cyanogenic glycosides and aconitine-like alkaloids.

Professor Anthony Dayan, 2021

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